Determinants of Labor Markets Inequality in Southeast Asia and the Effects of COVID-19

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly disrupted global labor markets, intensifying pre-existing socioeconomic inequalities worldwide, particularly in developing countries like Southeast Asia. This paper explores the multifaceted impacts of the pandemic on employment structures, regional labor patterns, gender disparities, and the interrelations among labor, health, gender, education level, and environmental conditions. Drawing from a range of empirical studies and labor force data, the analysis is structured into four key areas: The impact of COVID-19 on employment structure and regional patterns, The impact of Covid-19 on labor market, gender disparities, Economic Growth and Unemployment Pattern and the pandemic impact on Labor, Health, Gender, and the Environment. The findings reveal that vulnerable groups, such as women, informal workers, and those with lower education, were disproportionately affected. This study also discusses policy implications, emphasizing the need for inclusive labor policies, investment in education and health, and gender-sensitive recovery strategies to foster sustainable and equitable economic growth in the post-pandemic era.